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The Effects of
Tranquillization:
Benzodiazepine Use in
Canada
Health Canada Publication: 1982
8. APPENDIX A
BENZODIAZEPINES SOLD IN CANADA, 1981
(Manufacturer) |
Introduction |
|
hydrochloride methaminodiazepoxide hydrochloride |
C Tran (Beecham) Librium (Roche) Medilium (Medic) Novopoxide (Novopharm) Relaxil (Maney) Relium (Riva) Solium (Horner) Trilium (Trianon) also generically by: (Drug Trading); (Duchesnay); (Interlab); (Pro Doc); (Québec Pharmaceutiques); (Sands) |
|
dipotassium |
||
E Pam (ICN) Meval (Medic) Neo Calme (Neo) Novodipam (Novopharm) Rival (Riva) Stress-Pam (Sabex) Valium (Roche) Vivol (Horner) also generically by: (Drug Trading); (Pro Doc); (Québec Pharmaceutiques); (Sands) |
||
hydrochloride |
Novoflupam (Novopharm) |
|
monohydrochloride |
||
Ox-Pam (ICN) Serax (Wyeth) also generically by: (Drug Trading) |
||
Sources: Canadian Pharmaceutical Association. Compendium of Pharmaceuticals and Specialities. Sixteenth Edition, 1981, Health and Welfare Canada. Canadian Drug Identification Code. Seventh Edition, 1980.
9. APPENDIX B
GLOSSARY OF MEDICAL AND DRUG-RELATED TERMS
acetaminophen - (paracetamol), a mild pain reliever, which also reduces fever, e.g. Tylenol
adjunctive - adding to or accompanying in a subordinate category
anaesthetic - an agent that produces local or general loss of feeling or sensation
analgesic - a drug which relieves pain
angina - a disease marked by spasmodic attacks of intense suffocative pain
anticholinergic - a drug that blocks the effects of acetylcholine, a chemical produced naturally by the body and responsible for certain nervous system activities; these drugs inhibit the secretion of acid in the stomach, slow the passage of food through the digestive system, inhibit the production of saliva, sweat, and bronchial secretions, and increase the heart rate
antihistamine - a drug used to lessen or counteract the effects of histamine, a chemical produced by the body in response to various allergy-causing agents
antispasmodic - a drug used to quiet the spasms of voluntary and/or involuntary muscles, usually of the gastrointestinal tract
anxiolytic - a drug used to relieve anxiety
armamentarium - the entire equipment of a practitioner, such as medicines, instruments, books, etc.
ASA - acetylsalicylic acid, a mild pain reliever, e.g. Aspirin
barbiturates - derivatives of the barbituric acid, which produce central nervous system (CNS) depression, ranging from sedation to coma
clinical pharmacology - that aspect of pharmacology concerned with the study of drugs used in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of human disease
colitis - inflammation of the colon
contraindication - an indication, symptom, or condition that makes inadvisable a particular treatment or procedure
digit symbol substitution test - one of the 11 sub-tests of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. Performance on the test is taken as a measure of the efficiency of the processes of immediate rote recall, visual-motor integration, and visual imagery
efficacy - the power to produce an effect
epidemiology - science dealing with the incidence, distribution, and control of disease in a population
flicker fusion tests - particular tests used to assess the general state of arousal of the central nervous system
generic - nonproprietary; denoting a drug name not protected by a trademark; sometimes called 'public name'
hypnotic - an agent that dulls the senses or induces sleep
illicit - illegal
indication - a symptom or particular circumstance that indicates the advisability or necessity of a therapy
metabolism of drugs - all the processes involved in the utilization of drugs entering the body
metabolite - any substance produced by metabolism
methadone - a narcotic drug administered usually in the form of its bitter crystalline hydrochloride for the relief of pain, and usually used in the treatment of narcotic dependence
modality - any of several methods utilized in therapy
myocardial infarction - necrosis or death of a portion of the heart muscle, from interruption or curtailment of its blood supply
narcotic - a drug that in moderate doses relieves pain and induces profound sleep. It has a high potential for addiction leading to abuse
pathophysiology - the physiology of abnormal states, specifically the functional changes that accompany a particular syndrome or disease
pharmacology - study of the history, source, biochemical and physiological effects, mechanisms of action, absorption, distribution, biotransformation and excretion, therapeutic and other uses of drugs
precordial - situated or occurring in front of the heart; involving the precordium
psychosomatic - resulting from the influence of emotional stress or conflict on a predisposed somatic area, organ, or bodily system
psychotropic - as used in this document, refers only to those drugs sold on prescription which have the ability to modify mood, but does not include analgesics
sedative - an agent which allays activity and excitement, and has a calming effect. Sedatives/hypnotics are frequently referred to as one category in clinical practice since their effects can range from sedation to hypnosis depending on the dose given
serum - the fluid portion of the blood obtained after coagulation, distinguished from the circulating plasma in blood
somatic - pertaining to the body
tachycardia - excessively rapid heart rate
therapeutic - pertaining to the treatment of disease
trade name - a name used by a company to identify its product as a unique entity
tranquillizer - an agent which has a calming effect without impairing consciousness. Tranquillizers are usually divided into two groups, major and minor, although considerable confusion surrounds the use of these terms. Major tranquillizers are of use in treating serious disorders such as mania and schizophrenia and are often called anti-psychotic drugs. They also produce a neuroleptic state and are sometimes called neuroleptics. Minor tranquillizers were thus named to distinguish them from major tranquillizers, because they are not effective in serious psychological disorders. They are sometimes called anti-anxiety drugs or anxiolytics because they are used to treat patients suffering from anxiety. Alternatively, minor tranquillizers and sedatives are sometimes grouped together under the heading anxiolytic sedatives
vigilance tests - performance tasks designed to measure the level or state of readiness of the nervous system, and its ability to detect and respond to certain specified small changes occurring at random time intervals in the environment
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